New Paradigm in Pharmaceutical Companies
New Paradigm of Pharmaceutical companies
by Anne Song
In the past 15 years, the pattern of getting funded in pharma companies, from research to marketing, has dramatically changed.
To stay competitive in the open market, big pharmaceutical companies started to purchase fancy commercial lab and plant instruments believing those gadgets would give them the competitive edge over others. This led to the era of “lab automation”. Initially, these new shiny gadgets were sitting on the lab bench silently, as most experienced scientists rejected the notion
of using the tools for generating thousands of samples at a time.
However, shortly after the new instruments’ dynamic nature were proven,
and the instruments became scientists’ indispensable tool, more scientists submitted proposals to collect their “own” tools. As the instruments took over the majority of scientist’s routine lab work, the scientist’s role has
shifted from traditional discovery and development to more of documenting how the expensive tools were used to produce potential new leads.
And the pressure from the upper management to justify their big ticket
items by producing more than expected hits through the new instruments became evident.
Automation of the lab has its own advantages and disadvantages.
It creates a safer lab environment dealing with toxic chemicals as the
chemicals will be delivered by liquid handling robots under the hood.
Often times, scientists only design the experiments and all the chemicals and solvents, which are then delivered to each reaction well by robotic arms.
The problem with this practice is, we end up with too many samples to
analyze where only a few are real candidates. Like humans, each chemical has its own
chemical and physical properties.
Therefore, the massive screening is only suitable for discovery phase with predefined chemical
library sets. In late stages, scientists need to use their scientific experience and knowledge to select the potential candidates based on careful analysis.
Again, over screening will produce a lot of hits and it is hard to distinguish which ones are the true hits. Usually automated commercial analytic
instruments and usage licenses are very expensive. As a result, pharma
companies often get a contract for licenses to use the instruments. And
more often than not, upper management determines on how many
licenses to purchase based on the current usage of the instruments.
The following case study involving an expensive instrumental license
demonstrate how funding is being distributed internally:
1,The usage log of the instrument was pulled out by the given period
(there are three modules in this instrument)
- Using GGPlot2, the corresponding usage data by each module overlaying total usage (black line represents total usage)
- Repeat the plot using two other modules in different colors (blue for Assay Analyzer, red for Condoseo data)
- Estimate the area under the curve (AUC) to determine the average usage in a given period to determine the number of licenses.
The following three graphs per each site were generated to estimate the usage minutes per day and the types of analysis the instrument was used for in the identification of potential new drugs. The three analyses are:
- Assay Analyzer, which enables primary screening of a chemical library;
- Condoseo, equipped with in-depth timeseries data analysis;
- Database Explorer, which aggregates Assay Analyzer and Condoseo.
Following the presentation of the usage stats and graphs, Nutley site was granted more licenses than Basel site as the comparison of usage of the instrument was clearly higher in Nutley site for the given timeframe.
Nutley Site Usage of Assay Analyzer (July - Dec) Basel Site Usage of Assay Analyzer (Sept - Dec)
Nutely Condoseo Usage (July - Dec) Basel Site Condoseo usage (Sept - Dec)
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